混合线性模型
MLM (Mixed Linear Model)
This conducts association analysis via a mixed linear model (MLM).
A mixed model is one which includes both fixed and random effects. Including random effects gives MLM the
ability to incorporate information about relationships among individuals. When a genetic marker based kinship
matrix (K) is used jointly with population structure (Q), the “Q+K” approach improves statistical power compared
to “Q” only9
. MLM can be described in Henderson’s matrix notation23 as follows:
y = Xβ + Zu + e
where y is the vector of observations; β is an unknown vector containing fixed effects, including genetic marker
and population structure (Q); u is an unknown vector of random additive genetic effects from multiple background
QTL for individuals/lines; X and Z are the known design matrices; and e is the unobserved vector of random residual. The u and e vectors are assumed to be normally distributed with null mean and variance of
c参考文献
https://bytebucket.org/tasseladmin/tassel-5-source/wiki/docs/Tassel5UserGuide.pdf?rev=de63405b4da1dbbf2471db580c805978f1c8195d
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4744023/
